The book identifies new nanometric architectures that would be of particular interest for applications and the technological route to reach them. Nano-architectures of interest are for optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical properties and reactivity as well as for specific applications such as catalysis and medical diagnostic and drug delivery. Nano-architectures would be metals, alloys, ceramics, semi-conductors, polymers or hybrids inorganic-polymers materials. The book places special emphasis on crucial technical aspects of the fabrication, the control and the characterisation of complex nano-architectures.