The purpose of designing this book is to portray certain practical applications of nature-inspired computation in machine learning for the better understanding of the world around us. The focus is to portray and present recent developments in the areas where nature- inspired algorithms are specifically designed and applied to solve complex real-world problems in data analytics and pattern recognition, by means of domain-specific solutions. Various nature-inspired algorithms and their multidisciplinary applications (in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, machine learning, image processing, data mining and wireless network domains are detailed, which will make this book a handy reference guide.